狗的品种英文介绍

网上有关“狗的品种英文介绍 ”话题很是火热，小编也是针对狗的品种英文介绍寻找了一些与之相关的一些信息进行分析，如果能碰巧解决你现在面临的问题，希望能够帮助到您。

1.Labradoodle（拉布拉多）

A Labradoodle is a crossbred or hybrid dog created by crossing the Labrador Retriever and the Standard or Miniature Poodle.

History

The Labradoodle was first deliberately bred in 1989, when Australian breeder Wally Conron[1] first crossed the Labrador Retriever and Standard Poodle for Guide Dogs Victoria.[2] His aim was to combine the low-shedding coat of the Poodle with the gentleness and trainability of the Labrador, and to provide a Guide Dog suitable for people with allergies to fur and dander. Guide Dogs Victoria continue to breed Labradoodles today [3] and Labradoodles are now often used around the world as Guide, Assistance, and Therapy Dogs[4][5][6][7][8] as well as being popular family dogs.

Appearance and temperament

The Labradoodle as a dog breed is still developing, and does not yet "breed true," i.e., puppies do not have consistently predictable characteristics. While many Labradoodles display desired traits, their appearance and behavioral characteristics remain, from an overall breed standpoint, unpredictable.

As such, Labradoodles' hair can be anywhere from wiry to soft, and may be straight, wavy, or curly. Some Labradoodles do shed, although the coat usually sheds less and has less dog odor than that of a Labrador Retriever.

Like most Labrador Retrievers and Poodles, Labradoodles are generally friendly, energetic and good with families and children (although as with any dog the temperament may vary between individuals). Labradoodles also often display an affinity for water and the strong swimming ability present in both their parent breeds.

Like their parent breeds, both of which are amongst the world's most intelligent dog breeds, [9] Labradoodles are very intelligent and quite trainable. Labradoodles can be taught to obey verbal or sign language commands, or both, and remain commonly used as guide dogs for disabled or handicapped persons around the world.[10]

Types of Labradoodle

A group of Labradoodle Assistance Dogs.

There is no universal consensus as to whether breeders should aim to have Labradoodles recognized as a breed [2]. Some breeders prefer to restrict breeding to early generation dogs (i.e. bred from a Poodle and Labrador rather than from two Labradoodles) to maximise genetic diversity, to avoid the inherited health problems that have plagued some dog breeds.

Others are breeding Labradoodle to Labradoodle over successive generations, and trying to establish a new dog breed. These dogs are usually referred to as Multigenerational (abr. Multigen) or Australian Labradoodles [11]. Australian Labradoodles also differ from early generation and Multigenerational Labradoodles in that they may also have other breeds in their ancestry. English and American Cocker Spaniel/Poodle crosses (ie Cockapoos), Two Irish Water Spaniels and Soft-Coated Wheaten Terriers have variously been used in some Australian Labradoodle lines. The Curly Coated Retriever were used too, but these lines did not work out and they were discontinued.[12]

Labradoodle coats are generally divided into 3 categories: Wool (with tight curls, and similar in appearance to that of a Poodle, but with a softer texture); Fleece (soft and free-flowing, with a kinked or wavy appearance); or Hair (which can be curly, straight or wavy, but is more similar in texture to a Labrador's coat) [13]. Labradoodles come in a wide variety of colours, including chocolate, cafe, parchment, cream, gold, apricot, red, black, silver, chalk, parti colours[14], and generally all the colours that can be found in Poodles. They also can be different sizes, depending on the size of poodle (i.e. toy, miniature or standard) used.

2.Golden Retriever（金毛）

The Golden Retriever is a breed of dog, historically developed as a gundog to retrieve shot waterfowl and upland game and lame hens during hunting.[1] As such they were bred to have a soft mouth to retrieve game undamaged and an instinctive love of water.[2] Their intelligence and versatility sees them employed in a variety of roles including illegal drug detection, search and rescue, as hunting dogs and as guide dogs.[3] Their friendly, eager-to-please and patient demeanors have also made them popular family dogs. [4]

History

The Golden Retriever was originally developed in Scotland at "Guisachan" near Glen Affric, the highland estate of Sir Dudley Marjoribanks (pronounced "Mar?banks"), later Baron Tweedmouth. For many years, there was controversy over which breeds were originally crossed. In 1952, the publication of Majoribanks' breeding records from 1835 to 1890 dispelled the myth concerning the purchase of a whole troupe of Russian sheepdogs from a visiting circus.[5]

Improvements in automobiles guns during the 1800s resulted in more fowl being downed during hunts at greater distances and over increasingly difficult terrain. This led to more birds being lost in the field. Because of this improvement in firearms, a need for a specialist retriever arose as training setter and pointer breeds in retrieval was found to be ineffective. Thus work began on the breeding of the Golden Retriever to produce pups. In 1868, this cross produced a litter that included four pups; these four became the basis of a breeding program which included the Irish Setter, the sandy-colored Bloodhound, the St. John's Water Dog of Newfoundland, and two more wavy-coated black Retrievers. The bloodline was also inbred and selected for trueness to Majoribanks' idea of the ultimate hunting dog. His vision included a more vigorous and powerful dog than previous retrievers, one that would still be gentle and trainable. Russian sheepdogs are not mentioned in these records, nor are any other working dog breeds. The ancestry of the Golden Retriever is all sporting dogs, in line with Majoribanks' goals.[3]

Golden Retrievers were first accepted for registration by the The Kennel Club of England in 1903, as Flat Coats - Golden. They were first exhibited in 1908, and in 1911 were recognized as a breed described as Retriever (Golden and Yellow). In 1998, the Golden Retriever Club was founded. The breed name was officially changed to Golden Retriever.

The Honorable Archie Majoribanks took a Golden Retriever to Canada in 1881, and registered Lady with the American Kennel Club (AKC) in 1894. These are the first records of the breed in these two countries. The breed was first registered in Canada in 1927, and the Golden Retriever Club of Ontario, now the Golden Retriever Club of Canada, was formed in 1958. The co-founders of the GRCC were Cliff Drysdale an Englishman who had brought over an English Golden and Jutta Baker, daughter in law of Louis Baker who owned Northland Kennels, possibly Canada's first kennel dedicated to Goldens. The AKC recognized the breed in 1925, and in 1938 the Golden Retriever Club of America was formed.[6]

Appearance

[edit] British type

Some variations do exist between the British type Golden Retrievers prevalent throughout Europe and Australia,[7] and those of American lines and these differences are reflected in the breed standard. Its muzzle is wider and shorter, and its forehead is blockier. It has shorter legs, with a slightly deeper chest, and shorter tail. Its features make it generally heavier than the Canadian type. Males should be between 56–61 centimeters (22–24 in) at the withers and females slightly shorter at between 51–56 centimeters (20–22 in). Their weight, however, is not specified in the UK standard. The KC standard calls for a level topline and straight hindquarters without the slight rear angulation found in American lines.[8][9] The eyes of the European type are noted for their roundness and darkness as contrasted with the triangular or slanted composition of their American counterparts. A Golden Retriever of British breeding can have a coat color of any shade of gold or cream; however, red or mahogany are not permissible colors. Originally cream was not an acceptable color in the UK standard; however, by 1936 the standard was revised to include cream. It was felt this exclusion was a mistake as the original "yellow" retrievers of the 19th century were lighter in color than the then current standard permitted. As with American lines, white is an unacceptable color in the show ring. [10] The British KC standard is used in all countries with the exceptions of the US and Canada.[9] Some breeders of this type in America may import their dogs to improve the temperament and health noted in those bloodlines . The incidence of cancer among English bloodlines is significantly less than is seen in the American lines.

Canadian type

The Canadian Golden Retriever is a newer type of Golden. Appearance is meant to be similar to the American type in height and weight, with a light coat color. Color is described as not as light as a British type, and not as dark as an American type.

Field line Golden Retrievers tend to be smaller and have a less dense coat than their conformation line counterparts, and they are usually darker in color.

Golden Retriever, 8 month old puppy.

[edit] American type

The American type is similar to the Canadian type. It is tall, with a moderately narrow muzzle, and a chest that is not generally deep. Its stomach does not curve heavily, and its withers are almost level with it's shoulders.

The American type is sometimes bred with the English type to give it a white or cream coat. However, American types most commonly have dense, dark coats, such as black.

Coat and color

Golden Retrievers vary widely in color.As indicated by their name, their coat comes in light golden colors to dark golden colors. The coat is dense and waterproof, and may be straight or moderately wavy. It usually lies flat against the belly. The American Kennel Club (AKC) standard states that the coat is a "rich, lustrous golden of various shades", disallowing coats that are extremely light or extremely dark. This leaves the outer ranges of coat color up to a judge's discretion when competing in conformation shows. Therefore, "pure white" and "red" are unacceptable colors for the Golden coat.[10] The Kennel Club (UK) also permits cream as an acceptable coat color.[8] Judges may also disallow Goldens with pink noses, or those lacking pigment. The Golden's coat can also be of a mahogany color, referred to as "redheads", although this is not accepted in the British show ring.[8] As a Golden grows older, its coat can become darker or lighter, along with a noticeable whitening of the fur on and around the muzzle. Puppy coats are usually much lighter than their adult coats, but a dark dog a darker colouration at the tips of the ears may indicate a darker adult color. A golden's coat should never be too long, as this may prove to be a disservice to them in the field, especially when retrieving game.[11]

3，SIBERIAN HUSKY （哈士奇=西伯利亚雪橇犬）

The Siberian Husky (Russian: Сибирская лайка) is a medium-size, dense-coat working dog breed that originated in eastern Siberia. The breed belongs to the Spitz genetic family. It is recognizable by its thickly-furred double coat, sickle tail, erect triangular ears and distinctive markings.

Huskies are an active, energetic and resilient breed whose ancestors came from the extremely cold and harsh environment of the Siberian Arctic and were bred by the Chukchi of Northeastern Asia, it was imported into Alaska during the Nome Gold Rush and spread from there into the United States and Canada, initially as a sled dog. It rapidly acquired the status of a family pet and a show-dog.

Appearance

A red/white femaleSiberian Huskies share many outward similarities with the Alaskan Malamute as well as many other Spitz breeds such as the Samoyed, which has a comparable history to the Huskies. Siberians have a thicker coat than most other breeds of dog. They come in a variety of colors and patterns, usually with white paws and legs, facial markings, and tail tip. The most common colors are black and white, copper-red and white, grey and white, and pure white, though many individuals have blondish, or piebald spotting. Striking masks, spectacles, and other facial markings occur in wide variety. They tend to have a wolf-like appearance.

[edit] Eyes

A "copper"-coloured Siberian Husky with heterochromia, a trait which is unusual in most dogs, but not uncommon among Siberian Huskies.The eyes of a Siberian Husky are dark blue, light blue, amber or brown. In some individual dogs, one eye may be brown and the other blue (complete heterochromia), or one or both eyes may be "parti-colored," that is, half brown and half blue (partial heterochromia). All of these eye color combinations are considered to be acceptable by the American Kennel Club, which also states that the eyes are "an almond shape, moderately spaced and set slightly obliquely."

[edit] Coat

The Siberian Husky's coat is thicker than most breeds of dogs[2], comprising two layers: a dense undercoat and a longer topcoat of short, straight guard hairs. It protects the dogs effectively against harsh Arctic winters, but the coat also reflects heat in the summer. It is able to withstand temperatures as low as ?50 °C to ?60 °C.[3] The absence of the undercoat is often present during shedding.Their thick coats require weekly grooming[2][4]Long guard hair is not desirable and is considered a fault.[4]

[edit] Nose

In some instances, Siberian Huskies can exhibit what is called "snow nose" or "winter nose". This condition is called hypopigmentation in animals. Show-quality dogs are preferred to have neither pointed or square noses in shape. The nose is black in gray, tan and black dogs, liver in copper-colored dogs, and may be flesh-colored in white dogs. "Snow nose" is acceptable in the show ring.[4][5]

[edit] Close bred cousins

One of the most close bred cousins to the Siberian husky is the Samoyed. These two dogs look different, but they were originally from Siberia, Russia, and they have the same genes, closer than some Pointer and Blue-tick Hounds. There is also another dog, that looks fairly similar to a Husky, albeit much smaller: the Alaskan Klee Kai. The Alaskan Klee Kai was created in the 1980s and are quite rare.

[edit] Size

Male

Height: 21 to 23.5 inches (53 to 60 cm) at the withers.

Weight: 45 to 60 pounds (20 to 27 kg)

Female

Height: 20 to 22 inches (51 to 56 cm) at the withers.

Weight: 35 to 50 pounds (16 to 23 kg)[4]

Behavior

Six month old female Siberian Husky playing in the snowThe Siberian Husky has been described as a behavioral representative of the domestic dog's forebearer, the wolf, exhibiting a wide range of its ancestors' behavior.[6] They are known to howl rather than bark.[7] Hyperactivity displaying as an overactive hunting drive, a characteristic of kenneled dogs, is often noticeable in dogs released from their captive environment for exercise - a behavior welcome in hunting dogs but not in the family pet. The frequency of kenneled Siberian Huskies, especially for racing purposes, is rather high, as attributed through the history of the breed in North America. A fifteen-minute daily obedience training class will serve well for Siberian Huskies.[8] Siberian Huskies are a very stubborn and dominant breed of dog. Siberians need consistent training and do well with a "Nothing In Life Is Free" training program. They are extremely intelligent and after learning a new skill will often decide when to show off this skill when asked to perform it. They rank 45th in Stanley Coren's The Intelligence of Dogs, being of average working/obedience intelligence. They tend to run because they were at first bred to be a sled dog. Owners are advised to exercise caution when letting their Siberian Husky off the leash as the dog is likely to be miles away before looking around and realizing their owner is nowhere in sight.[9]

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你少了最重要的。。。。。藏獒 Mastiff在英文中可翻译为猛犬，猛犬的一种，Tibetan英文为西藏的，联合起来就是Tibetan Mastiff 。藏獒（Tibentan Mastiff）原产于我国青藏高原，又称为藏狗、羌狗、蕃狗、大倪。据记载距今已有800万至1300万年历史。骨架粗壮、体魄强健、吼声如雷、英勇善斗。属于护卫犬种，具有王者的霸气和对主人极其忠诚的秉性。一、犬名品种名称：西藏獒犬英文名称：Tibetan mastiff 体型分类：大型犬种分类：工作犬历史：原产地中国，起源于10世纪。藏獒简介西藏那高耸的群山覆盖着长年难溶的冰雪，海拔四千多以上常年寸草不生，加至青藏地区平均海拔在3000以上，特殊的地理环境造成了高原缺氧的特定历史条件，就是在这片土地上长年生活着一个伟大的民族：藏族。他们一年四季一放牧为生，祖祖辈辈的生活孕育出自己的语言文化，他们有着强悍的身体。为了生存他们日日夜夜与天斗，与地斗，与野兽斗。上天赐给他们强壮的身体，广阔的草原和牛羊。同样赐给了牧民生命财产的保护神——藏獒。在广阔的西藏由于民族习俗，勤劳善良的藏牧民从不单杀犬。西藏是犬生存的天堂。他们是人类忠实的朋友。他们世世代代在没有暖床，没有接产医，没有营养师来调剂生活的日子里，披着厚厚的身毛，警惕地巡视在广阔的高原上。世代的生活养成的耐饥渴而斗志的不减的高贵品行。西藏犬之多称世界之最。但是西藏獒在青藏现今可称千里挑一。青藏地区生活着大量的藏豹、藏狼、藏狐及藏狮。但是这几种犬决非是藏獒，有些是藏獒同当地几种犬杂交的后代。这些犬外型酷像藏獒，但性格方面有着本质的区别，有些犬性格方面有着藏獒的风范但骨骼方面已退化，这些犬是难以胜任艰难的考验，更不能谈用来育种。这些犬在牧区却大有用武之地，在牧区广大牧民离不开他们。他们披着长长的饰毛（主要是当地气候的关系）日夜守护在牧区及牧家宅院，他们是牧民不可缺少的帮手，在牧民心目中他们是朋友甚至是家庭中的一员。藏獒又名蕃狗.多启.大狗.古称苍猊犬等等。产于西藏（国家二类保护动物.世界级珍稀种）。2000多年以前藏獒便活跃在喜马拉雅山脉，以及海拔3000多米以上的青藏高原地区。标准的纯种藏獒多见于广大牧区，有狮头型.虎头型之分，有安多系.康坝系.青藏系的类别区分。世界上许多国家和地区都有藏獒的足迹。原始藏獒生活在青藏高原海拔3000米以上的高寒地带以及中亚平原地区，在西藏、青海、四川、甘肃及尼泊尔甚至新疆、蒙古、宁夏境内均可发现藏獒的踪迹。藏獒犬对许多世界名犬的改良起到非常重要的做用，如圣伯纳犬等都有藏獒的血统。但多年来由于草原的特殊生活环境以及牧民薄弱的血统保护意识，造成原始藏獒与当地牧羊犬的血统融合，使纯种藏獒越来越少。藏獒其体格高大.格刚毅.力大勇猛.记忆惊人.野性尚存.使人望生畏，是唯一不怕猛兽的犬种，被誉为犬中之王。（在牧区一只藏獒能守护四百只羊。一只成年藏獒能同时打败三只野狼）藏獒对陌生人有强烈的敌意，但对主人忠诚.亲热至极,作为护卫犬忠实可靠。都为能有一只纯种藏獒而自豪。藏獒以成为安全与富贵的象征。藏獒产于我国西藏和青海，被毛长而厚重，耐寒冷，能在冰雪中安然入睡。性格刚毅，力大凶猛，野性尚存，使人望而生畏。护领地，护食物，善攻击，对陌生人有强烈敌意，但对主人极为亲热。是看家护院、牧马放羊的得力助手。它壮如牛、吼如狮、刚柔兼备，能牧牛羊、能解主人之意，能驱豺狼虎豹。据藏族同胞介绍，一条成年藏獒可以斗败三条恶狼，可以使金钱豹甘拜下风。在西藏被喻为"天狗" 。西方人在认识了藏獒的神奇后，称其为“东方神犬”。藏獒头大而方，额面宽，眼睛黑黄，嘴短而粗，嘴角略重，吻短鼻宽，舌大唇厚。颈粗有力，颈下有垂，形体壮实，听觉敏捷，视觉锐利，前肢五趾尖利，后肢四趾钩利，犬牙锋利无比，耳小而下垂，收听四方信息，尾大而侧卷。全身被毛长而密，身毛长10－－40厘米，尾毛长20－－50厘米，毛色以黑色为多，其次是**、白色、青色和灰色，四肢健壮，便于奔跑，动如豹尾，搏斗助攻，令敌防不胜防。一只纯种成年藏獒重60公斤左右，长约四尺，肩高二尺半余，强劲凶猛，即使休憩，其形凶相，常人绝不敢靠近。藏獒力大如虎，足以使一只金钱豹或三只恶狼败阵，凶狠劲斗，使之赢得神犬美誉，也是世界上唯一敢与猛兽搏斗的犬类。8月龄可达性成熟，母犬每年初冬（10－－12月份）发情1次，但在海拔较低的半农半牧区，气候温暖，管理适当，则可春秋两次发情。每窝产仔4－－5只，多者达7－－8只。寿命10－－16年。藏獒耐寒怕热，在零下三四十摄氏度的冰雪中仍能安然入睡。性格刚毅，力大凶猛，野性尚存，使人望而生畏。偏肉食，抗病力强。护领地，护食物，善攻击，对陌生人有强烈的敌意，但对主人亲热至极，任劳任怨，是牧民的得力助手。藏獒因为生活地区不同，在外观上也有差别。目前品相最好的上品藏獒，出于西藏的河曲地区。这种藏獒有典型的喜马拉雅山地犬的原始特征：茂密的鬃毛像非洲雄狮一样，前胸阔，目光炯炯有神，含蓄而深邃。喜马拉雅山脉的严酷环境赋予了藏獒一种粗犷、剽悍美、刚毅的心理承受能力，同时也赋予藏獒王者的气质，高贵、典雅、沉稳、勇敢。还有一种藏獒出于青海地区。这种藏獒几乎没有鬃毛，身上的毛也比较短，体型却更大！但是它的性格没有带鬃毛的藏獒凶猛、沉稳。整体外观：强壮有力，体型巨大，骨骼、肌肉发育良好，威严肃穆，表情平静. 习性：伴侣型看护犬，生长缓慢，母犬2-3岁达到成熟，公犬则至少4岁才成为成熟的成年犬性情：自主性强、充满领地意识头部：头面宽阔，头骨宽大，枕骨、额明确，枕骨至上额和上额到鼻尖的比例相等，但鼻子的长度可以短些。鼻筒宽大。眼部：眼睛有神，黑暗中闪亮，中等尺寸大小，呈深浅不一的褐色。耳部：耳朵较大，呈三角形，自然下垂,紧贴面部靠前。警觉时自然升起。耳部覆盖柔和较体毛短的绒毛。嘴部：前上齿、前下齿平整，上部和下部呈剪式咬合（齿轮式咬合），齿列紧紧结合，以使下颚（唇）呈方型，保持鼻筒立方体的形状。平齿亦可接受。颈部：粗大，肌肉发达，极少垂肉，呈躬型，覆盖直立的鬃毛。躯体前部：双肩平落，骨干肌肉发达。前腿直而粗壮，直立时轻度朝内倾斜。躯干：粗壮，背部挺直、宽阔，肌肉发达，整体稍略下蹲。胸部下垂并低于上肘部。躯看干长度略大于高度。爪：脚盘较大，对称，脚趾间有毛，类似猫科动物的爪。尾部：中长，长度不能超过踝关节，和背部呈一条线，自然卷起，尾部毛较长、蓬松，卷起时呈花状（俗称"菊花尾"）。步态：步伐很轻，有弹性，自由有力，奔跑沿直线。漫步时非常从容。皮毛：毛发厚（密）而长，冬季比夏季更浓密，公犬比母犬的毛发要长，颈部和肩部（及背部）有更长更粗的毛。前后小腿后部有较长的毛发。颜色：纯黑、铁包金、褐色、各种形态的金色、各种形态的灰色，还有奶油色和巧克力色等等，胸前有星状的白色及足部略微的白色印记是可以接受的。双眼上部有"假眼"印记，四肢下部和尾部末端可以是深浅不一的浅纯色。

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